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A cardinal k is a berkeley cardinal， if for any transitive set m with k∈m and any ordinal a＜k there is aary embedding j:m?m with a＜ crit j ＜k.these cardinals are defined in the text of ZF set theory without the axiom of choice.
the berkeley cardinals were defined by w. hugh woodin in about 1992 at his set-theory seminar in berkeley， with J. d. hamkins， A. Lewis， d. Seabold， G. hjorth and perhaps R. Solovay in the audience， among others， issued as a challeo refute a seemingly over-strong large cardinal axiom. heless， the existence of these cardinals remains ued in ZF.
If there is a berkeley cardinal， then there is a f extension that forces that the least berkeley cardinal has ality w. It seems that various strengthenings of the berkeley property be obtained by imposing ditions on the ality of k(the larger ality， the stroheory is believed to be， up tular k). If k is berkeley and a，k∈m for m transitive， then for any a＜k， there is a j:m?m with a＜ crit j ＜k and j(a)=a.
A cardinal k is called proto-berkeley if for any transitive m?k， there is some j:m?m with crit j＜k. menerally， a cardinal is a-proto-berkeley if and only if for any transitive set m?k， there is some j:m?m with a＜crit j＜k， so that if δ≥k，δ is also a-proto-berkeley. the least a-proto-berkeley cardinal is called δa.
we call k a club berkeley cardinal if k is regular and for all clubs c?k and all transitive sets m with k∈m there is j∈E(m) with crit(j)∈c.
we call k a limit club berkeley cardinal if it is a club berkeley cardinal and a limit of berkeley cardinals.
Relations
If k is the least berkeley cardinal， then there is γ＜k such that (Vγ，Vγ+1)?ZF2+“there is a Reinhardt cardinal witnessed by j and an w-huge above kw(j)”(Vγ，Vγ+1)?ZF2+“there is a Reinhardt cardinal witnessed by j and an w-huge above kw(j)”.
For every a，δa is berkeley. therefore δa is the least berkeley cardinal above a.
In particular， the least proto-berkeley cardinal δ0 is also the least berkeley cardinal.
If k is a limit of berkeley cardinals， then k is not among the δa.
Each club berkeley cardinal is totally Reinhardt.
the relatioween berkeley cardinals and club berkeley cardinals is unknown.
If k is a limit club berkeley cardinal， then (Vk，Vk+1)?“there is a berkeley cardinal that is super Reinhardt”. moreover， the class of such cardinals are stationary.
the structure of L(Vδ+1)
If δ is a singular berkeley cardinal， dc(cf(δ)+)， and δ is a limit of cardinals themselves limits of extendible cardinals， theructure of L(Vδ+1) is similar to the structure of L(Vλ+1) uhe assumption λ is I0; i.e. there is some j:L(Vλ+1)?L(Vλ+1). For example，Θ=ΘL(Vδ+1)Vδ+1， then Θ is a strong limit in L(Vδ+1)，δ+ is regular and measurable in L(Vδ+1)， and Θ is a limit of measurable cardinals.
the berkeley cardinals were defined by w. hugh woodin in about 1992 at his set-theory seminar in berkeley， with J. d. hamkins， A. Lewis， d. Seabold， G. hjorth and perhaps R. Solovay in the audience， among others， issued as a challeo refute a seemingly over-strong large cardinal axiom. heless， the existence of these cardinals remains ued in ZF.
If there is a berkeley cardinal， then there is a f extension that forces that the least berkeley cardinal has ality w. It seems that various strengthenings of the berkeley property be obtained by imposing ditions on the ality of k(the larger ality， the stroheory is believed to be， up tular k). If k is berkeley and a，k∈m for m transitive， then for any a＜k， there is a j:m?m with a＜ crit j ＜k and j(a)=a.
A cardinal k is called proto-berkeley if for any transitive m?k， there is some j:m?m with crit j＜k. menerally， a cardinal is a-proto-berkeley if and only if for any transitive set m?k， there is some j:m?m with a＜crit j＜k， so that if δ≥k，δ is also a-proto-berkeley. the least a-proto-berkeley cardinal is called δa.
we call k a club berkeley cardinal if k is regular and for all clubs c?k and all transitive sets m with k∈m there is j∈E(m) with crit(j)∈c.
we call k a limit club berkeley cardinal if it is a club berkeley cardinal and a limit of berkeley cardinals.
Relations
If k is the least berkeley cardinal， then there is γ＜k such that (Vγ，Vγ+1)?ZF2+“there is a Reinhardt cardinal witnessed by j and an w-huge above kw(j)”(Vγ，Vγ+1)?ZF2+“there is a Reinhardt cardinal witnessed by j and an w-huge above kw(j)”.
For every a，δa is berkeley. therefore δa is the least berkeley cardinal above a.
In particular， the least proto-berkeley cardinal δ0 is also the least berkeley cardinal.
If k is a limit of berkeley cardinals， then k is not among the δa.
Each club berkeley cardinal is totally Reinhardt.
the relatioween berkeley cardinals and club berkeley cardinals is unknown.
If k is a limit club berkeley cardinal， then (Vk，Vk+1)?“there is a berkeley cardinal that is super Reinhardt”. moreover， the class of such cardinals are stationary.
the structure of L(Vδ+1)
If δ is a singular berkeley cardinal， dc(cf(δ)+)， and δ is a limit of cardinals themselves limits of extendible cardinals， theructure of L(Vδ+1) is similar to the structure of L(Vλ+1) uhe assumption λ is I0; i.e. there is some j:L(Vλ+1)?L(Vλ+1). For example，Θ=ΘL(Vδ+1)Vδ+1， then Θ is a strong limit in L(Vδ+1)，δ+ is regular and measurable in L(Vδ+1)， and Θ is a limit of measurable cardinals.